2nd Five Year Plan
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Chapter 17:
IRRIGATION

Research

74. Irrigation.— Problems connected with irrigation works hydraulics and soils are studied at the central research station at Poona and at 12 other research centres under State Governments. With increase in the programme of water resources development, the activities of these stations are likely to expand further. A new research station is also proposed to be established by the Government of Assam. During the second plan it is proposed that these research stations should give attention to fundamental problems along with problems of applied engineering The Central Board of Irrigation and Power has drawn up a scheme of research on basic problems such as cavitation in hydraulic structures, engineering properties of soils, use of puzzolonic materials with cement, air enirainment in concrete, subsoil flow in tubewell areas etc. The programmes will be carried out at .various research stations and coordinated with the help of the board. Irrigation and agricultural research stations will have to collaborate in the study of certain problems such as the system of irrigation in relation to the soil type, interaction between soil fertility and efficient utilisation of irrigation water, critical periods of growth and quality of produce and relative merits of various systems of irrigation.

75. Power.—In view of the extensive power development envisaged in the second and subsequent plans effective research on problems relating to power generation, transmission and distribution has become urgent. The scope of the electrical equipment manufacturing industry in the country is also expected to increase rapidly and there is considerable need for research in this direction. The lines on which research should proceed are now being examined by a technical committee appointed by the Government of India. The following are a few illustrations of problems on which research could be undertaken usefully in the near future.

  1. uses of indigenous materials in the electrical industry, particularly for insulating purposes.
  2. development and testing of special designs for transmission towers, including wood pole supports.
  3. development of equipment and designs for rural electrification.
  4. development of D.C transmission technique.
  5. cavitation in hydraulic structures.
  6. lightning protection and attenuation of surges on transmission lines.
  7. corona under impulse conditions.
  8. coordination of transmission lines and substation equipment.
  9. loading and temperature conditions for power and distribution transformers and,
  10. high voltage switchgear testing and development of new switchgear designs.

Provision has been made in the second five yeai plan for the establishment of a power engineering research laboratory during the second plan period. The project also includes a suitable switchgear testing station for very high voltages.

76. Other programmes.—'Besides investigations, surveys and research the programmes of the Ministry of Irrigation and Power will include (i) the setting up of an Engineering Museum at Delhi for displaying models of various projects for general information, (ii) establishment of centres for training operators and mechanics for heavy earth-moving equipments and (iii) training in the new technique of "hot line work" for maintenance of electric transmission and distribution lines and other equipments oa which there is no experience so far. A provision ofRs. 9 crores has been made for investigations, surveys and research on irrigation and power in the second plan in addition to Rs. 5.9 crores distributed in the various State plans.

77. Integrated development.—Tor achievement of optimum benefits, development schemes of different states have to be closely coordinated. Water stored in reservoirs in one state may be used with advantage for irrigation in adjoining states. Similarly, power available in one state may be distributed in other states. In certain cases, it maybe useful to divert waters from one basin to another for the benefit oLthe region as a whole. Co-operation between States is. therefore, essential for investigations, allocation of waters and sharing of costs. Differences however, often arise between States in regard to the sharing of costs and benefits of such schemes. In order to resolve such difficulties, the Government of India have introduced two bills in Parliament, namely. River Boards Bill, 1955 and the Inter-State Water Disputes Bill. 1955. The first bill would enable the Government of India to constitute boards for different inter-state rivers or river valleys in consultation with the States concerned. These boards will be entrusted with the work of the preparation of schemes, allocation of costs and benefits and coordination of the activities of the State organisations etc. The second bill provides for the constitution of tribunals with the necessary authority for the adjudication of disputes between two or more States in respect of river valley projects and their benefits.

78. Obtaining of maximum benefits from projects.— The phasing of irrigation and power projects and their execution should be carefully arranged to yield maximum returns from investment at each stage. Invariably it is possible through better organisation and planning to obtain larger benefits from expenditure incurred.

79. This aspect has not always received sufficient attention in carrying out projects in the first five year plan. There have been instances where reservoirs were completed before the associated canal systems, land had not been prepared for irrigation when canal systems, were completed, sub-station equipments and transmission lines were not erected when consumers were ready to take power and generating stations commenced operation, tube wells were drilled without arrangements in advance for power supply and so on. These defects in planning and execution lock up capital and obviously involve waste of resources. Every effort should be made to e'nsure that these do not occur in the second plan.

80. To obtain maximum results, benefits should" accrue at each stage and there should be no time lag between the availability of benefits and their utilization. All inter-related activities should, therefore, be carefully coordinated. Before starting work on a project detailed investigations should be made and the scope of the works to be included in the programme clearly determined. Project reports, estimates and financial forecasts should be complete and changes in them should be necessary only for special reasons. Increases in estimates in a number of major projects in recent years have evoked adverse comment. Arrangements for financing should be settled in advance and the requirements of staff should be carefully worked out for different stages of each project and steps taken for their placement at the appropriate time.

81. The phasing of projects calls for attention from another important point of view. It is of the utmost importance that irrigation from reservoirs should be fully utilised as soon as water is stored in them. This means, firstly, that the canal system should be completed, including field channels, at the same time as the reservoir and secondly that the agriculturists should have their lands ready for wet cultivation when the water becomes available. The same considerations apply to power projects. The first is largely a matter of planning the works and the order in which they should be carried out As regards the second, steps should be taken to prepare the people for using water and electricity and they should be guided and assisted in their scientific use so that the maximum increase in production can be realised. Demonstration farms should be started at selected localities and the lands which will benefit made fit fo^ irrigation by the time water becomes available. In this the national extension movement has an important role to play and should be utilised from the start for ensuring that all the preparatory steps are taken by the agriculturists in the area to utilise irrigation when it is available and in power projects, to build up the demand for power and also the arrangements for its use as soon as it is supplied.

82. Public Co-operation.—for the successful completion of projects, a large measure of public cooperation is of fundamental importance. The average citizen is able to see vividly and to contribute actively to work that lies near him, or touches his life and well-being intimately. Irrigation and flood control programmes thus provide a good opportunity for seeking the cooperation of the people and in this vital field of national development there is vast scope for voluntary effort The State Government's attention was invited to this important point in the first plan, and it was recommended that works on which unskilled labour is almost entirely employed, like the canal systems, should, as a rule, be done by the villagers themselves and not through contractors and that in each village or group of villages the villagers should be organised into cooperatives taking up the work in their own area.

Apart from saving in cost the system has the following advantages:—

  1. The villages will benefit by die large sums spent on the canal system which will come into the cooperative movement and will be available for agricultural improvements.
  2. Cooperation among villagers over large areas in executing works of such magnitude will lead to cooperation in other spheres and assist in raising their level of life.
  3. The organisation set. up during the execution of the canal system will be useful in its maintenance, in the distribution of water and in measures for effecting economy in use. of water.

The progress on this has however been extremely limited. Only a beginning was made by the formation of labour cooperatives on the Gangapur, Ghata-prabha, Mahi and Kakrapar projects in Bombay. Some response from the public also came forth in connection with the raising of the village sites in eastern Uttar Pradesh and on the protection works at Dib-rugarh in Assam. Except on the Kosi Project where very satisfactory progress is reported to have been made with the assistance of the Bharat Sevak Samaj, the results have on the whole been poor. Nevertheless, these instances of peoples' participation reveal the great possibilities of this method.

83. The scope fof this is even greater in the second plan as there are large numbers of medium projects spread all over the country and it is expected that such participation will be organised from the very commencement of the works. A sum of Rs. 1 crore has been provided for enlisting the desired public cooperation on the various projects in the second plan.

84. Betterment Levy.—The most important and difficult issue connected with the second five year plan is the raising of capital resources. Every effort has. therefore, to be made to add to them and an equitable way is to levy betterment contribution on areas benefited by irrigation projects. About 6.3 million acres of land will have received canal irrigation from major and medium projects in the first plan and 12 million acres are expected to be irrigated in the second plan. Betterment levy on all these areas will evidently make a useful contribution to capital resources.

85. The principle of betterment levy has been confirmed more than once by the National Development Council and is now the accepted policy of the country. Legislation has already been passed in Assam, Andhra, Bombay, Madras, Punjab, Hyderabad, Mysore, Pepsu, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh and Orissa and Bills have been prepared in Madhya Pradesh, Madhya Bharat, Travancore-Cochin, Bihar, West Bengal and Saurashtra Although a number of projects have started irrigation in different States, for example, the Bhakra Nangal, the Kakrapar, the Mayurakshi etc. realisations have not commenced in any State. Legislation should, therefore, be passed immediately in States where this has not been done, and necessary steps taken to commence realisations as soon as possible.

86. Lands irrigated by tubewells also derive secure irrigation. More than 2 million acres are expected to be irrigated by tube wells in the second plan. It is equitable that beneficiaries from tube wells and such other minor irrigation works which provide secure irrigation are also included in the scope of legislation and required to pay betterment contribution.

87. Betterment levy should be related to increse in value of land, and being a capital levy should either be paid in lump sum or instalments spreading over a period not exceeding 15 years. The state should also have power to recover it in the shape of land. This provision will be useful for acquiring land for community purposes, consolidation of holdings, and settlement of displaced persons and landless labourers.

88. Rates for Water and Power—The project costs are now considerably more than in the past Similarly, the cost of maintenance is higher than before. Production increases considerably as a result of irrigation and a portion of the increased produce must be returned to meet the cost of maintenance. Existing water rates were, in many cases, determined years ago. There has since been considerable increase in the value of crops produced. Increases in water rates are therefore, clearly justified and it is necessary that the possibility is explored by State Governments urgently. The water rates were revised in Travancore-Cochin, Madhya Bharat, Rajashan, Andhra, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar and the question is under consideration in Orissa, Assam, Madras and Mysore. Similar review of power rates on a rational basis may also be made in respect of power projects so that the electric supply undertakings work on a self sufficient basis. The subject needs further attention and early steps should be taken in all States, particularly where no action has been taken so far.

89. Selection of Projects.—In October, 1953, a Technical Advisory Committee was constituted by the Planning Commission to examine the projects proposed by the State Governments and to advise the Planning Commission on the technical and financial soundness of the various proposals. The number of projects which have been tentatively included in the second

plan and those for which project reports have been received are given below:—

    Irrigation Power
No. of Schemes Estimated cost in Rs. crores No. of schemes Estimated cost in Rs. crores
1. Total number of projects tentatively included in the second plan 195 376 181 423
2. Schemes for which project reports have been received (excluding Investigation Schemes) . 70 277 117 386

The Committee has drawn pointed attention to the satisfactory position regarding the investigation and finalisation of the projects. In the case of a number of schemes, for which project reports were received and sxamined by the Committee, it was found that the investigations were not complete and the reports lacked details essential for technical and financial scrutiny. However, a number of such projects have been provisionally included in the plan for regional and other considerations, in anticipation of further investigation and detailed revision of the scope and estimate of the projects. The project reports for the schemes provisionally included will be examined by a committee comprising of the representatives of the Planning Commission, Ministries of Irrigation and Power and Finance and specialists in the field who maybe associated with the work of the committee from time-to time.

90. Key materials.—Based on preliminary estimates, the essential key materials required for the irrigation, power and flood control programmes in the second plan are listed below:

l Five year requirements'of Irrigation and flood control Power Total over 5 year period
Steel (tons in Million) 0.15 0.6 0.75
Cement Do. 4.8 1.7 6.5
Coal Do. 0.5 24.5 25.0

91. For being able to obtain these materials according to schedule, it is essential for every project authority and State government to carefully assess and communicate their requirements to the coordinating authority sufficiently in advance. The Central Water and Power Commission with their constant touch with the progress, will periodically assess the needs of the various projects and make suitable recommendations in this regard.

92. In view of the acute shortage of these key materials the urgency and importance of measures to economise their use need hardly be stressed. All avoidable use should be scrupulously cut down by proper design and construction methods. For example, the use of(i) reinforced concrete in place of steel struc-turals, (ii) masonry in preference to reinforced concrete, (iii) lime mortar in the place of cement and such other methods should receive greater attention. Indigenous materials like timber etc., should be put to greater use wherever possible for reducing the demand for steel and cement which will have to be imported from other countries in increasing measure in the second plan.

93. Heavy electrical equipment.—For the plant and machinery required for power projects, the country is largely dependent on imports. Only a few items of light electrical equipment such as transformers, small motors, conductors, wires, lamps etc. are being manufactured in the country. Even here the full needs are not being met. The annual imports of electrical equipment during the last 2 years is of the order ofRs. 30 crores, of which heavy electrical equipment alone was of the order of Rs. 20 crores per year. During the second and the third plans the requirements of electrical equipment would increase substantially. It has, therefore, become a matter of urgency to create manufacturing capacity in the country, Accordingly, it has been decided to establish a factory for manufacturing deavy electrical equipment such as hydraulic turbines, alternators, motors transformers, switchgear etc. Preliminary work on this project is now in progress. It is expected that the factory will go into production in 1961 and meet a part of the country's requirements thereafter.

94. Foreign Exchange.—The programme for Irrigation and Power envisaged in the second plan would need about Rs. 150 crores of foreign exchange for power projects and Rs. 20 crores for irrigation projects during the next 5 years. In view of the compell ing need to reduce the demand on the foreign exchange, every effort should be made by the project authorities to eliminate avoidable indents on imported machinery.

95. Personnel and Employment—Technical personnel is a primary need for the implementation of the construction programme in the second plan which is about 50% higher than in the first plan. The need for adequately trained personnel at all levels was keenly felt even in the first plan. To assess the availability and requirements of the personnel in future years, and to recommend proper arrangements for training the required number, a River Valley Projects Technical Personnel Committee was constituted by the Ministry of Irrigation and Power in 1954. This Committee observed that the position in respect of technical personnel will become acute in the early periods of the second plan. As the scope of examination of this Committee was limited to the requirements of river valley projects only, the Planning Commission, on further consideration, appointed a more comprehensive 'Engineering Personnel Committee' to assess the position in respect of the engineering personnel required in all fields of developmental activity including Industries, Railways, Highways etc. This Committee has assessed, that for Irrigation and Power Projects the additional requirements of engineers and supervisors will be as follows:—

Officers Civil Mechanical and Electrical
Engineering Graduates 2100 1600
Supervisors (Diploma holders) 9000 4000

Adequate steps have to be taken by Government for training of engineering personnel for the plan. Programmes for specialised training for fresh engineers, refresher courses for serving engineers and training of operators and mechanics at project sites have been started on a limited scale. To supplement this programme it would be useful for the irrigation and power departments to introduce systematic internal training programmes of a specialised nature for the various types of technicians.

96. The average number of persons likely to be employed continuously over the next 5 years, on the contruction works of Irrigation and Power projects is roughly estimated to be as follows:—

Irrigation and flood control Power Total
Administrative 8,000 7,000 15,000
Technical (Supervisory) 15,000 10.000 25,000
Skilled 30.000 30,000 60,000
Unskilled 180,000 100,000 280,000
total 233,000 147,000 380,000

The works programmed during the second plan when completed, will provide permanent employment for 50,000 (35,000 for power and 15,000 for irrigation) additional men at all levels. These figures exclude the indirect employment that will be created as a result of the power and irrigation works.

97. The use of construction machinery on river valley projects should be viewed against the background of the huge man power available in the country and the urgent need for providing gainful employment for them. Indiscriminate and extensive use of machinery imposes additional strain on the country's foreign exchange position. It is hoped that State Governments and project authorities will, devote greatest attention to this matter and, consistent with economy and speed in realisation of benefits, limit mechanised construction technique to the minimum.

98. Organization.— Execution of irrigation and electricity projects is primarily the responsibility of State Governments. In several States, particularly those in which development projects have been under execution during the last few decades, a degree of technical and administrative efficiency has been built up. In others, the existing organisations will need strengthening before they can undertake large programmes successfully. The C.W. and P.C. has been rendering technical assistance to States where required. For the successful implementation of the irrigation and power programme the State organisations and the Central Water and Power Commission should continue to work in close cooperation.

99. The question as to what should be the most suitable type of organisation through which the river valley projects should be administered and executed is of considerable importance. The usual agency of the Irrigation and Power departments of the States, has not been found to be sufficiently flexible in many cases. As the aim is to achieve economy with speed, the administering organisations should have adequate powers to take quick decisions. Expenditure on major projects is now largely met by financial assistance from the Centre. The Central Government is, therefore, directly interested in the efficient and economical execution of these projects. It was, therefore, recognised that a high power board consisting of representatives of the Centre and the concerned State Governments would be the proper kind of set-up for laying down policy and exercising general supervision over the execution of the project. During the last few years, a number of Control Boards have been formed for large river valley projects viz., Bhakra-Nangal, Hirakud, Rihand, Cham-bal, Koyna, Kosi, Nagarjunasagar and Tunga-bhadra. The only case where a statutory agency has been constituted for an interstate development project is the Damodar Valley Corporation. The experiencfc gained so far seems to indicate that the control board is the most suitable type of organisation for the execution of large river valley projects.

100. Most of the State Governments are managing their electricity undertakings through their public works departments. In conformity with the Electricity Supply Act, the States of Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Bombay, Delhi and Saurashtra have already constituted the State Electricity Boards. It is expected that some of the other States would also be forming Boards in the near future. These organisations with the semi-autonomous power vested in them would be suitable for the construction and operation of power schemes, except for major projects, where the construction work may be entrusted to a special agency as the one referred to in the above paragraph.

101. In view of the large programmes of irrigation and power development required all over the country and the urgency of special attention for backward regions, the Central and State Governments should work in close cooperation in the execution and development of important irrigation and power projects. It is, therefore, essential that engineers should be recruited and trained on a common basis and that they should have uniform standards of efficiency and the feeling of belonging to common and important cadres. For all this, an efficient and well organised service of engineers is urgently needed. This service would also yield a pool of engineers from which men with particular lines of experience can be made available to new schemes whenever required. The State Re-organisation Commission have also recommended the need for the constitution of an all-India service of engineers. The Planning Commission recommend that the States should cooperate with the Central Government in establishing such an organisation as early as possible.

ANNEXURE STATEMENT I
List of Principal Irrigation Works (Referred to in para 5)

Name of Scheme Year of completion Total capital outlay (Rs. lakhs) Area irrigated C000 acres)
1 2 3 4
Andhra
Romperu Drainage 1956 153 10
Tungabhadra 1956 2544 167
Godavari Delta System 1890 210 1299
Krishna Delta 1898 227 1002
Rallapad 1956 90 8
Khar
Sone Canals 1875 268 655
Tribeni Canal Extension 1957 113 62
Bombay
Nira Left Bank Canal 1906 148 90
Paravara Canals 1926 151 90
Gangapur Reservoir 1957 334 45
Nira Right Bank Canals 1938 412 89
Gataprabha Left Bank Canal 1957 545 138
Kakrapara Canals (Lower Tapi) . 1957 1101 562
Madhya Pradesh
Tandula Canals 1925 120 158
Mahanadi Canals 1927 159 199
Madras
Periyar System 1897 108 202
Cauvery Mettur 1934 646 232
Lower Bhavani 1955 961 207
Malampuzha 1957 528 46
Araniar Reservoir 1957 104 3
Walayar Reservoir 1957 113 7
Orissa
Orissa Canals 1895 380 40
Punjab
Western Jumna Canals 1820 204 1018
Upper Ban Doab Canal 1879 783
Sirhind Canal 1884 267 2312
Eastern Canal 1928 114 199
Nangal Barrage 1954 406
Uttar Pradesh
Ganga Canal 1856 486 1620
Agra Canal 1875 129 343
Lower Ganga Canal 1880 467 1251
Sarda Canal 1930 1157 1297
Extension of Sarda Canal 1955 110 176
Sarda Canal Reservoir (Stage I) 1957 480 172
Mata Tila (Stage I) 1956 488 265
West Bengal
Damodar Canals 128 184
Mayurakshi 1958 1611 600
Hyderabad
Nizam Sagar 1940 472 275
Godavari (Stage I) 1957 441 67
Mysore
Krishnarajasagar Canals 1932 260 92
Tunga Anicut 1957 231 22
Nugu 1957 244 20
Tungabhadra 1956 1022 93
Kajasthan
Jawai Project 1956 300 45
Paibati Project 1956 80 15
Meja Project 1956 59 43
Travancore-Cochin
Kuttanad 1956 101 21
Peechi 1956 205 46
Perinchani 1955 67 6
Neyyar 1956 143 31
Jammu and Kashmir
Sind Valley 1956 124 18
Saurashtra
Rangola 1952 62
Brahmani 1956 100 27
Moj 1954 81 15
Aji 1955 80 6
Machhu . 1956 125 22


STATEMENT II
Statement a/Cultivated and (net) irrigated area— 1954-55, (Provisional)
(Referred to para 6) (Area in thousand acres)

Stale Gross
area
Class-
ified area
Cultur-
able area
Cultiv-
ated area
Net sown area Area irrigated by Percen-
tage of column 6 to 64
Percen-
tage of col. 12 to 6
Percen-
tage of column 12 to 5
Percen-
tage of
column
12 to 4
Govt. canals Tanks Private
canals
Wells Other sou-
rces
Total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16.
Andhra 40,711 40,572 24,570 18,495 16,204 2,805 1,498 63 421 181 4.968 66.0 30.6 26.9 20-2
Assam 54,408 35,714 7,685 5,670 5,031 182 (a) 767   733 1,682 65.5 33.4 29.7 21.9
Bihar 45,011 44,790 29,685 24,106 19,805 748 803 302 454* 1,889 4,196 66.7 21.1 17.4 14.1
Bombay 71,213 71,139 52,691 44,370 43,186 476 188 69 1,590* 93 2,416 81.9 5.6 5.4 4.6
Madhya
Pradesh
83375 82,924 45,129 32,349 31,017 876 724 (a) 239 97 1,936 68.7 6-2 6.0 4.3
Madras 38,632 38,452 25,951 19,051 16,636 1,939 2,040 5 1,187 137 5,308 64.1 31.9 27.8 20.6
Orissa 38,487 38,401 22,984 16,206 13,825 471 686 76 70 632 1,935 60.1 13.9 11.9 8.4
Punjab 23,922 23.919 15,849 13.917 13307 3,245 7 141 1,861* 24 5.278 83.9 39.6 37.9 33.3
Uttar Pradesh 72,597 74,774 52,837 42,057 41,652 4.426 1,035 37 5,999* 738 12,235 78.8 29.4 29.1 23-2
West Bengal . 19,693 19,846 14,675 13,105 11,860 420 870 950 40 570 2,850 80.8 233. 20.9 18.7
Hyde-
rabad
52,572 51,045 40,839 33,900 29,463 254 1,068 8 638 59 2,027 72.1 6.8 6.0 4.9.
Madhya
Bharat
29,785 28294 19,707 12^57 12,031 159 25   368 10 562 61.1 4.7 4.6 2.9
Mysore 21316 19,584 14,913 9,130 7,929 309 561 6 123 140 1,139 53.2 14.4 12.5 7.6
P.E.P
.S.U
6,431 6371 5,869 5,136 4,675 1,619     743* 23 2,385 79.9 51.0 14.5 40.6
Raja-
sthan
83327 83,160 58,687 28,652 25,805 818 140 7 1,881 68 2,914 43.9 11.3 10.2 4.9
Saura-
shtra
13,655 12,969 9,187 8,417 8,187 47     390 3 440 89.1 5.4 5.2 4.7
Travan-
core-
cochin
5,852 5,658 3,257 2,865 2,821 346 113 68 26 368 921 86.6 32.6 32.1 28.3
J and K 59,379 5,507 2,813 1,943 1,681 200   421   49 670 59.9 39.8 34.5 23.8
Ajmer 1,547 1,549 967 577 366   8   112 1 131 38.8 35.8 22.7 13.6
Bhopal 4,402 4,406 2,714 1,828 1,802 4 3   16 4 27 66.4 1.5 1.4 1.0
Coorg 1,015 1,012 431 205 204 5 - 3     1 9 47.3 4.4 4.4 2.1
Delhi 366 566 287 230 230 44 6   47   97 80.1 42.2 42.2 33.8
Himachal Pradesh 6,982 2313 1,756 719 679       W 95 95 38.7 14.1 13.2 5.4
Kuteh 10,864 10,864 2,716 1.634 1,209 14 2   83   99 44.5 8.1 6.1 3.7
Manipur 5.522 346 311 218 218 NA.   145     145 69.8      
Tripura 2.80 2,634 994 503 479             48.2      
Vindhya Pradesh 15,104 14,848 9,278 5,569 4,602 4 27   169 2 202 49. 4.4 3.6 12
Andaman and Nicobar
Islands 2,058 82 29 13 12             41.4      
N.E.FA NA NA NA. NA. NA                    
Pondicherry 73 NA 57 57 54 19         19 90.4 3.5 3.3 3.3
total 8,10,879 7,21,739 4,66,868 3431,79 31,49,70 119,430 9,817 3.065 16.457 5.917 54,686 67.5 17.3 15.9 11.7

N.B.—The figures given Statewise are provisional and those for Manipur still need verification CulturableArea.= Classified area—(Forest+ NA—Not available, (a) Figures less than 500 acres. Not avail able for cultivation)
*Figures include area under State Tube Wells. Cultivated area=Net Sown Area+Current Fallows

STATEMENT III
Principal Irrigation Projects in the Second Five Year Plan. (Referred to in Para 16)

  Name of Scheme and State Total cost (Rs. lakhs) (approximate) Expenditure in Second Plan for Irrigation (Rs. lakhs) Benefits C000 acres)
On completion during Second Plan
  1 2 3 4 5
  Continuing Schemes
1. Bhakra Nangal (Punjab, Pepsu, and Rajasthan) 16,000+ 2,823 3,604 2,347
2. Damodar Valley (West Bengal and Bihar) .... 8.600+ 993 1,141 750
3. Hirakud (Stage I) including Mahanadi Delta (Orissa) 8.570+ 2,194 1,785 1.288
4. Chambal (Stage I) (Rajasthan and Madhya Bharat) . 4.803+ 2,105 1.100 480
5. Tungabhadra (Hyderabad, Andhra and Mysore) 6,000+ 550 700 370
6. Mayurakshi (West Bengal) 1,611+ 212 600 600
7 Bhadra (Mysore) 1.775+ 1,102 224 179
8. Kosi (Bihar) 4,595 1,700 1,600  
9. Nagarjunasagar (Stage I) (Andhra and Hyderabad) 7,508 3,400 1,910  
10 Tungabhadra High Level Canal (Andhra and Mysore) 1,896 620 380 24
11. Kakrapar Canal (Lower Tapi) (Bombay) 1,101 386 562 309

+ Includes outlay on power portion. * Figures are yet to be finally accepted.

  Name of Scheme and State Total cost (Rs. lakhs) (approximate) Expenditure in Second Plan for Irrigation (Rs. lakhs) Benefits C000 acres)
On completion during Second Plan
  1 2 3 4 5
New Schemes
1. Ukai (Bombay) 6.000+ 650 614  
2. Tawa (Madliya Pradesh) 1.839+ 711 590  
3. Puma (Hydeiabad) 773+ 500 157 60
4. Vamasadhra (Andhra) 1,256 100 306  
5. Narmada (Bombay) 2,500 400 1,157  
6. Banas (Bombay) 737 300 120  
7. Mula (Bombay) 839 350 204  
8. Gima (Bombay) 808 550 184 20
9. Khadakwasia (Bombay) 1,182 400 204  
10 New Kattalai (Madras) 149 148 21 12
11 Salandi (Orissa) 445 425 353 172
12 Gurgaon Canal (Punjab) 230 154 106 50
13 Kangsabati (W. Bengal) 2,514 500 950  
14 Chandrakeshar (Madhya Bharat) 75 75 15 15
15 Kabini (Mysore) 250 250 30 6
*16 Banas (Rajasthan) 480 280 250 10
17 Bhadar (Saurashtra) 400 106 90  
18. Boothathankettu (Travancore-Cochin) 348 348 63 32
19. Lidder Canal (Jammu and Kashmir) 75 58 15 3
20. Bama or Kolar (Bhopal) 400/500+ 230 250  
21. Laxamnathirtha (Coorg) 25 25 3 3
22. Kasayan (Vindhya Pradesh) 160 25 40  
23 Vidur (Pondicheny and Madras) 61 61 4  

+ Includes outlay on power portion.
* Figures are yet to be finally accepted.

Abstract of outlay and benefits—Irrigation Projects
(Referred to in para 19)

Name of State Total estimated cost of Provision in Second Plan for - continuing i and new schemes Anticipated Benefits in II Plan '000 acres After March '61
First Plan schemes Schemes continuing from I Plan to n Plan New scheme, in 11 Plan

Total s columns (3)+(4)

L

First plan schemes New schemes in II Plan Total columns (7)+(8) Expenditure (Rs. laldis) Benefits (•000 acres)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Rs. Lakhs
Andhra 9,086 6,872 1,518 8390 3,230.9 475 20 495 4,169 1,706
Assam 251   67 67 63.7 82 82
Bfliar 5,747 3,840 6,290 10,130 3353.5 287 300 587 7,085 5,272
Bombay 3,853 3,785 12,851 16,636 6,790.0 783 337 1,170 6,162 3,929
Madhya Pradesh 383 355 1,764 2,119 1,187.5 234 110 344 683 594
Madras 3,620 2,639 469 3,108 1,365.2 156 33 189 2 16
Orissa 7,127 6,720 671 7391 2,654.3 1,038 204 1,242 147 1,007
Punjab 8386 8,102 755 8,857 2,994.1 1,650 228 1,878 302 486
Uttar Pradesh 4,821 1,766 4370 6,136 2,580.0 246 751 997 1,930 963
West Bengal 5,301 5,120 2,643 7,763 1,771.0 1,196 48 1,244 2,029 1,269
Hyderabad 7311 7,111 1,090 8201 3,031.5 640 140 780 1,951 23
Madhya Bharat 2,076 1,894 617 2,511 1,796.7 178 109 287 399 559
Mysore 3,081 2,850 478 3,328 1,653.8 138 50 188 414 212
PEPSU 2,364 2333 4 2337 593.0 634   634   173
Ra.iaslhan . 5331 4342 1375 5.717 2,450:0 880 255 1,135 1,237 1,195
Saurashtra 1382 813 684 1,497 918.6 100 41 141 294 114
"ftavancore-Cochin 767 599 564 1,163 617.4 100 75 175   31
J. and K. 509 158 301 459 282.7 97 60 157 100 56
Ajme 50 42 83 125 953 9 12 21 21 6
Bhopal 10   565 565 2803   12 12 270 250
Cooig     25 25 23.8   3 3    
Delhi     15 15 16.6   21 21    
Himachal Pradesh Kutch 80 145 137 47 184 923 76 24 17 76 41   9
Manipur     10 10 9.5          
Tripura
Vindhya Pradesh 81 81 355 436 223.5 25 68 93 136 84
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
North-East Frontier Agency
Pondicherry     33 33 22.5   2 2    
total 71,762 59,559 37,644 97,203 38,097.7 9,048 2,946 11,994 27,331 18,854

STATEMENT- V Principal Power Generation Schemes in Second Flan
(Referred to in paragraphs 33 and 41) (i) Public Sector

  Scheme and Name of the State Total cost Rs. lakhs

Expenditure in Second
Plan for Power Rs. lakhs.

Benefits '000 kW
On completion In Second Plan
Continuing Schemes
1. llmgabhadra (Andhra, Hyderabad and Mysore) . *6,000 795 54 54
2. Bhakra Nangal (Punjab, PEPSU and Rajasthan) 16,000 2,769 594 546
3. Hirakud (Stage I) (Orissa) 8,570 803 123 123
4. D. V. C. (Bengal and Bihar) 8,600 1,062 254 100
5. Chambal (Stage I), (Madhya Bharat and Rajaslhan) 4,803 1,330 69 69
6. Machkund (Andhra and Orissa) 2,732 611 85 51
7. Umtru (Assam) 158 53 7,5 7.5
8. Koyna (Bombay) 3,322 2,900 240 240
9. Periyar (Madras) 1,048 798 105 105
10. Madras Thermal Station extension (Madras) 1,043 271 60 30
11. Riband (U. P.) 4,526 2,600 250 150
12. Ramagundam (Hyderabad) 406 52 38 38
13. Thermal Power Station (Rajasthan) 310 216 24 24
14. Neriamangalam (T. C. State) 290 260 45 45
15. Poringalkuthu fT. C. State) 346 20 32 32
New Schemes
1. Ukai (Bombay) 6,000   160  
2. Tawa (Madhya Pradesh) 1,839   30  
3. Puma (Hyderabad) 773 218 10 10
4. Chambal Stage n (M. Bharat and Rajasthan) 1,356 500 92 23
5. Sileru (Andhra) 2,453 50 75  
6. Machkund Extn. (Andhra and Orissa) 280 250 17 17
7. Tungabhadra Nellore scheme (Andhra and Mysore) 770 725 66 66
and Umtru Stage II (Assam) 100 100 5 5
9. Cherapunjee Steam Station (Assam) 70 60 5 5
10. Barauni Steam Station (Bihar) 484 484 20 20
11. South Gujarat Elec. Grid Stage II (Bombay) 450 400 45 45
11 Korba Thermal Station (M. Pradesh) 1,234 1,179 90 90
13. Southern Grid Extension (M. Pradesh) 777 777 60 60
14. Katni Power Station (M. Pradesh) 270 270 20 20
15. Kundah (Madras) 3,544 2,300 180 145
16. Pykara dam (Madras) 30 30 3 3
17. Papanasam dam (Madras) 41 41 4 4
18. Hirakud Stage II (Orissa) 1,432 1,250 109 109
19. Yamuna Hydel Scheme (U. P.) 2,083 990 201 51
20. A Scheme in western U. P. 1,100 50 75  
21. Harduaganj Steam station extensions (U. P.) 300 300 30 30
22. Matatila hydel scheme (U. P.) . 453 377 15 15
23. Kanpur Power Station extension (U. P.) 186 186 15 15
24. Jaldhaka hydel scheme (West Bengal) 350 150 17  
25. Konar hydel station or alternative (D. V. C.) (Bengal and Bihar) 449   40  
26. Durgapur thermal station ('D.V.C.) (Bengal and Bihar) 1,480 1,480 150 150
27. Bokaro extension (D. V. C.) (Bengal and Bihar) . 456 456 50 50
28, Tungabhadra extension (Hyderabad) 50 50 9 9
29. Ganderbal Power House (Jammii and Kashmir) . 46 46 6 6
30. Mohora Power House (Jammu and Kashmir) 89 89 6 6
31. . Bhadra (Mysore) 242 82 33 33
31 Sharavathy (Mysore) 2,297 1,300 142  
33. Jodhpur (Rajasthan) 30 30 3 3
34. Rajkot (Saurashtra) 20 20   2
35. Porbunder (Saurashtra) 150 150 15 15
36. Jamnagar (Saurashtra) 95 95 10 10
37, Morvi-Wankaner (Saurashtra) 64 64 4 4
38. Bhavnagar (Saurashtra) 50 50 8 8
39. Surendranagar (Saurashtra) 72 72 4 4
40. Veraval (Saurashtra) 100 100 10 10
41. Panniar (T. C. State) 295 295 30 30
42. Sholayar (T. C. State) 425 391 54 54
43 Pamba or Poringalkuthu (T. C. State) 1,000 400 75  
44. Burhar and Satna extensions (Vindhya Pradesh) . 260 240 20 20

•The total cost shown includes outlay on irrigation portion. tFigures are yet to be finally accepted.

Financial provision in second plan under consideration.

(ii) Private Sector

  Name of undertaking Generating plant to be added Cost of generating plant
kw. Rs.lakhs.
  1 2 3
1. Calcutta Electric Supply Corpn. (Bengal) 50,000 470
2. Ahmedabad Electricity Company Ltd. (Bombay) . 45,000 278
3. Tata Power System (Bombay) (a) Trombay Thermal Station 1,00.000 1,400
  (b) Bhira hydro-electric extensions 60,000 550
4. Sholapur (Bombay) 3,000 30
5. Jubbulpore Elect. Supply Co., (M. P.) 4,000 35
6. Agra Elec. Suppiy Co., (U. P.) 4.000 25
7. Benares Electric Light and , Power Co.. Ltd. (U. P.) 4,000 25
8. United Provinces Electric Supply Co., Ltd. (U. P.) 4.000 25
9. Bhavnagar Electricny Co., Ltd. (Saurashtra) 8,000 50
10, Minor Schemes . 5.000 23
  total 287.00'') 2.911

STATEMENT- VI
Abstract of Outlay and benefits—'POWER Projects
(Referred to in Paragraph 42)

Name of State Total estimated cost in Rs. Lakhs Expenditure provision in second plan for continuing and new schemes Rs. Lakhs Benefits in Second Plan—installed capacity '000 lew. Spillover into Third Plan
Schemes Continuing from First to Second Plan

New schemes in Second Plan

Total col. 2+3 By continuing schemes By new schemes in second plan Total col. 6+7 Expenditure (Rs. Lakhs) Benefits (000 kw.)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Andhra 3161.0 4091.5 7252.5 2099.5 64.5 70.7 1352 2478 75.0
Assam 200.0 336.0 536.0 380.0 7.5 8.15 15.65    
Bihar 2406.5 2529.0 4935.5 2700.9 5225 120.0 17225    
Bombay 3976.0 5389.0 9365.0 4100.0 248.0 46.0 294.0 3839 160.0
Madhya Pradesh   3018.3 3018 3 2393-2 23.0 170.0 193.0 518 30.0
Madras 4673.0 5867.0 10540.0 5759.8 135.0 152.0 287.0 1244 35.0
Orissa 3468.0 1808.0 5276.0 2552.6 1383 119.4 257.7    
Punjab 4698.0 582.0 5280.0 2743.6 546.0   546.0    
Uttar Pradesh 6799.0 5160.4 11959.4 5462.5 190.6 111.0 301.6 3007 325.0
West Bengal . 1833.0 1633.7 3466.7 1269.0 54.0 100.84 154.84 230 17.0
Hyderabad 717.9 1082.8 1800.7 1258.8 56.0 19.0 75.0 136 9.0
Madhya Bharat 1005.0 800.4 1805.4 1155.3 39.5 18.5 58.0 208 37.5
Mysore 704.6 2951.9 3656.5 2137.5 72 40.4 47.6 1001 1410
Pepsu 1398.0 207.0 1605.0 889.0          
Rajasthan 2^3.0 654.0 2847.0 1900.0 583 207 79.0 218 37.5
Saurashtra 212.0 759.2 9712 475.0 3.0 56.55 59.55 109 10.0
Travancore-Cochm 638.0 2620.0 3258.0 2185.0 77.0 84.0 161.0 600 75.0
Jammu and Kashmir 182.0 329.2 5112 329.1 0.3 15.75 16.05 30  
Ajmer 7.5 105.0 112.5 99.5   0.17 0.17    
Bhopal 71.0 161.0 232.0 198.1   6.0 6.0    
Cooig   43.0 43.0 39.0   0.36 036    
Delhi   425.0 425.0 403.8          
Himachal Pradesh 71.0 209.3 280.3 213.8 1.0 2.1 3.1 34  
Kutch 940 117.5 211.5 174.1 63   63 13  
Manipur   100.0 100.0 95.0          
Tripura   45.0 45.0 42.8   2.3 23    
Vindhya Pradesh 102.0 330.0 432.0 328.9 3.84 20.0 23.84 20  
Andaman and Nieo-bar Island   2.5 2.5 18          
N..E.F.A.   19.0 19.0 19.0   0.79 0.79    
Pondicherry 13.0 48.3 613 60.0       1  
D. V. C—Centre's share and
for additional schemes
1833.0 887.0 2720.0 1220.0       856  
total 40456.5 42312.0 82768.5 426873 1711.59 1184.71 28963 14542 953
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